2.x的ansible api和1.x的api差别是很大的在1.x中import ansible.runnerimport jsonrunner = ansible.runner.Runner( module_name='ping', # 模块名 module_args='', # 模块参数 pattern='all', # 目标机器的pattern forks=10  )datastructure = runner.run()data = json.dumps(datastructure,indent=4)from ansible import callbacksfrom ansible import utilsfrom ansible.playbook import PlayBookstats = callbacks.AggregateStats()callback = callbacks.PlaybookCallbacks()runner_callbacks = callbacks.PlaybookRunnerCallbacks(stats)pb = ansible.playbook.PlayBook( playbook="tasks.yml", stats=stats, callbacks=playbook_cb, runner_callbacks=runner_cb, check=True)pb.run()以上是1.x的ad_hoc和playbook的api调用比较简单直接但是2.x的api相当于自己编写runner方法下面就是ansible2.0的ad_hoc和playbook，并且重写了返回结果和Inventory，ansible结果返回Json对象#!/usr/local/python27/bin/python#encoding:utf8import json,sys,osfrom collections import namedtuplefrom ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoaderfrom ansible.vars import VariableManagerfrom ansible.inventory import Inventory,Host,Groupfrom ansible.playbook.play import Playfrom ansible.executor.task_queue_manager import TaskQueueManagerfrom ansible.plugins.callback import CallbackBasefrom ansible.executor.playbook_executor import PlaybookExecutorclass MyInventory(Inventory):      def __init__(self, resource, loader, variable_manager):          self.resource = resource          self.inventory = Inventory(loader=loader, variable_manager=variable_manager, host_list=[])          self.dynamic_inventory()      def add_dynamic_group(self, hosts, groupname, groupvars=None):           my_group = Group(name=groupname)           if groupvars:              for key, value in groupvars.iteritems():                  my_group.set_variable(key, value)          for host in hosts:              # set connection variables              hostname = host.get("hostname")              hostip = host.get('ip', hostname)              hostport = host.get("port")              username = host.get("username")              password = host.get("password")              ssh_key = host.get("ssh_key")              my_host = Host(name=hostname, port=hostport)              my_host.set_variable('ansible_ssh_host', hostip)              my_host.set_variable('ansible_ssh_port', hostport)              my_host.set_variable('ansible_ssh_user', username)              my_host.set_variable('ansible_ssh_pass', password)              my_host.set_variable('ansible_ssh_private_key_file', ssh_key)               for key, value in host.iteritems():                  if key not in ["hostname", "port", "username", "password"]:                      my_host.set_variable(key, value)              my_group.add_host(my_host)          self.inventory.add_group(my_group)      def dynamic_inventory(self):          if isinstance(self.resource, list):              self.add_dynamic_group(self.resource, 'default_group')          elif isinstance(self.resource, dict):              for groupname, hosts_and_vars in self.resource.iteritems():                  self.add_dynamic_group(hosts_and_vars.get("hosts"), groupname,hosts_and_vars.get("vars")) class ModelResultsCollector(CallbackBase):      def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):          super(ModelResultsCollector, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)          self.host_ok = {}          self.host_unreachable = {}          self.host_failed = {}      def v2_runner_on_unreachable(self, result):          self.host_unreachable[result._host.get_name()] = result      def v2_runner_on_ok(self, result,  *args, **kwargs):          self.host_ok[result._host.get_name()] = result      def v2_runner_on_failed(self, result,  *args, **kwargs):          self.host_failed[result._host.get_name()] = result  class PlayBookResultsCollector(CallbackBase):      CALLBACK_VERSION = 2.0        def __init__(self,taskList, *args, **kwargs):          super(PlayBookResultsCollector, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)          self.task_ok = {}          self.task_skipped = {}          self.task_failed = {}          self.task_status = {}         self.task_unreachable = {}    def v2_runner_on_ok(self, result, *args, **kwargs):        if taskList.has_key(result._host.get_name()):            data = {}            data['task'] = str(result._task).replace("TASK: ","")            taskList[result._host.get_name()].get('ok').append(data)        self.task_ok[result._host.get_name()]  = taskList[result._host.get_name()]['ok']    def v2_runner_on_failed(self, result, *args, **kwargs):        if taskList.has_key(result._host.get_name()):            data = {}            data['task'] = str(result._task).replace("TASK: ","")            msg = result._result.get('stderr')            if msg is None:                results = result._result.get('results')                if result:                    task_item = {}                    for rs in results:                        msg = rs.get('msg')                        if msg:                            task_item[rs.get('item')] = msg                            data['msg'] = task_item                    taskList[result._host.get_name()]['failed'].append(data)                else:                    msg = result._result.get('msg')                    data['msg'] = msg                    taskList[result._host.get_name()].get('failed').append(data)        else:            data['msg'] = msg            taskList[result._host.get_name()].get('failed').append(data)        self.task_failed[result._host.get_name()] = taskList[result._host.get_name()]['failed']    def v2_runner_on_unreachable(self, result):        self.task_unreachable[result._host.get_name()] = result    def v2_runner_on_skipped(self, result):        if taskList.has_key(result._host.get_name()):            data = {}            data['task'] = str(result._task).replace("TASK: ","")            taskList[result._host.get_name()].get('skipped').append(data)        self.task_ok[result._host.get_name()]  = taskList[result._host.get_name()]['skipped']    def v2_playbook_on_stats(self, stats):        hosts = sorted(stats.processed.keys())        for h in hosts:            t = stats.summarize(h)            self.task_status[h] = {                                       "ok":t['ok'],                                       "changed" : t['changed'],                                       "unreachable":t['unreachable'],                                       "skipped":t['skipped'],                                       "failed":t['failures']                                   }class MyRunner(object):       def __init__(self,resource,*args, **kwargs):          self.resource = resource          self.inventory = None          self.variable_manager = None          self.loader = None          self.options = None          self.passwords = None          self.callback = None          self.__initializeData()          self.results_raw = {}      def __initializeData(self):          Options = namedtuple('Options', ['connection','module_path', 'forks', 'timeout',  'remote_user', 'ask_pass', 'private_key_file', 'ssh_common_args', 'ssh_extra_args','sftp_extra_args', 'scp_extra_args', 'become', 'become_method', 'become_user', 'ask_value_pass', 'verbosity',  check', 'listhosts', 'listtasks', 'listtags', 'syntax'])          self.variable_manager = VariableManager()          self.loader = DataLoader()          self.options = Options(connection='smart', module_path=None, forks=100, timeout=10,                  remote_user='root', ask_pass=False, private_key_file=None, ssh_common_args=None, ssh_extra_args=None,                  sftp_extra_args=None, scp_extra_args=None, become=None, become_method=None,                  become_user='root', ask_value_pass=False, verbosity=None, check=False, listhosts=False,                  listtasks=False, listtags=False, syntax=False)          self.passwords = dict(sshpass=None, becomepass=None)          self.inventory = MyInventory(self.resource, self.loader, self.variable_manager).inventory        self.variable_manager.set_inventory(self.inventory)      def run_model(self, host_list, module_name, module_args):          """         run module from andible ad-hoc.         module_name: ansible module_name         module_args: ansible module args         """          play_source = dict(                  name="Ansible Play",                  hosts=host_list,                  gather_facts='no',                  tasks=[dict(action=dict(module=module_name, args=module_args))]          )          play = Play().load(play_source, variable_manager=self.variable_manager, loader=self.loader)          tqm = None          self.callback = ModelResultsCollector()          try:              tqm = TaskQueueManager(                      inventory=self.inventory,                      variable_manager=self.variable_manager,                      loader=self.loader,                      options=self.options,                      passwords=self.passwords,              )              tqm._stdout_callback = self.callback              result = tqm.run(play)          finally:              if tqm is not None:                  tqm.cleanup()      def run_playbook(self, host_list, playbook_path, ):         """         run ansible palybook         """                 global taskList        taskList = {}        for host in host_list:            taskList[host] = {}            taskList[host]['ok'] = []            taskList[host]['failed'] = []            taskList[host]['skppied'] = []        try:              self.callback = PlayBookResultsCollector(taskList)              executor = PlaybookExecutor(                  playbooks=[playbook_path], inventory=self.inventory, variable_manager=self.variable_manager, loader=self.loader,                  options=self.options, passwords=self.passwords,              )              executor._tqm._stdout_callback = self.callback              executor.run()          except Exception as e:             print e            return False    def get_model_result(self):          self.results_raw = {'success':{}, 'failed':{}, 'unreachable':{}}          for host, result in self.callback.host_ok.items():              self.results_raw['success'][host] = result._result          for host, result in self.callback.host_failed.items():              self.results_raw['failed'][host] = result._result         for host, result in self.callback.host_unreachable.items():              self.results_raw['unreachable'][host]= result._result        return json.dumps(self.results_raw)      def get_playbook_result(self):          self.results_raw = {'skipped':{}, 'failed':{}, 'ok':{},"status":{},'unreachable':{}}         for host, result in self.callback.task_ok.items():            self.results_raw['ok'][host] = result        for host, result in self.callback.task_failed.items():              self.results_raw['failed'][host] = result        for host, result in self.callback.task_status.items():            self.results_raw['status'][host] = result        for host, result in self.callback.task_skipped.items():            self.results_raw['skipped'][host] = result        for host, result in self.callback.task_unreachable.items():            self.results_raw['unreachable'][host] = result._result        return json.dumps(self.results_raw) if __name__ == '__main__':    module_resource = [          {"hostname": "192.168.222.139", "port": "22", "username": "root", "password": "123456"},          {"hostname": "192.168.222.140", "port": "22", "username": "root", "password": "123456"},          {"hostname": "192.168.222.141", "port": "22", "username": "root", "password": "123456"},          {"hostname": "192.168.222.142", "port": "22", "username": "root", "password": "123456"}                 ]    playbook_resource =  {                    "cluster": {  #定义的动态主机名，需要跟playbook里面的hosts对应                        "hosts": [                                    {"hostname": "192.168.222.139", "port": "22"},                                    {"hostname": "192.168.222.142", "port": "22"}                                  ],                    }                }    result = MyRunner(module_resource)  #resource可以是列表或者字典形式，如果做了ssh-key认证，就不会通过账户密码方式认证    result.run_model(host_list=["192.168.222.139","192.168.222.140","192.168.222.142"],module_name='ping',module_args="")    data = result.get_model_result()    print data    print '============================================================================'    result1 = MyRunner(playbook_resource) #resource可以是列表或者字典形式，如果做了ssh-key认证，就不会通过账户密码方式认证    result1.run_playbook(["192.168.222.139","192.168.222.142"],playbook_path='apiplaybook.yml')    data1 = result1.get_playbook_result()    print data1执行结果[root@web2 version2]# ./all.py {"failed": {}, "success": {"192.168.222.140": {"invocation": {"module_args": {"data": null}}, "_ansible_parsed": true, "changed": false, "ping": "pong", "_ansible_no_log": false}, "192.168.222.142": {"invocation": {"module_args": {"data": null}}, "_ansible_parsed": true, "changed": false, "ping": "pong", "_ansible_no_log": false}, "192.168.222.139": {"invocation": {"module_args": {"data": null}}, "_ansible_parsed": true, "changed": false, "ping": "pong", "_ansible_no_log": false}}, "unreachable": {}}======================================================================================================{"status": {"192.168.222.139": {"unreachable": 0, "skipped": 0, "changed": 1, "ok": 2, "failed": 0}, "192.168.222.142": {"unreachable": 0, "skipped": 0, "changed": 1, "ok": 2, "failed": 0}}, "failed": {}, "skipped": {}, "ok": {"192.168.222.139": [{"task": "Gathering Facts"}, {"task": "command"}], "192.168.222.142": [{"task": "Gathering Facts"}, {"task": "command"}]}, "unreachable": {}}对于用惯了1.x的api同学需要适应一下2.x的api